Course Information 2000-2001
Advanced English (Optional)
Technical Writing in English
- Organizer
- Katsumi NAGAI
- E-mail
- kats@tsuyama-ct.ac.jp
- Class schedule
- Tue 10:30-12:00 (Multi-Media Room)
- Credits
- 2 / year
- Objectives
- This optional course will focus on technical writing and communication
in English. The aim is to help students express their thoughts in
natural and effective ways.
- Evaluation
- All students must hand in their English writing every week. Full weight
is given to clarity and precision of the writings.
Students are also required to pass two multiple-choice exams
in both terms.
- Textbook
- English Technical Writing One Step.
Japan Society for Technical Communication. 1996. Tokyo: JSTC.
(工業英語ワンステップ.日本工業英語協会)
Handout archives (follow-up notes)
Week 1 Introduction to the course (April 18)
Week 2 Machine tools (April 25)
Week 3 What is electricity? (May 2)
Week 4 Wanna be an architect. (May 9)
Week 5 Origin of Chemistry (May 16)
Week 6 Environmental Engineering (May 23)
Week 7 Computer Engineering (May 30)
Week 8 To be an engineer (June 6)
Week 9 Working for a Company connected with the
Electoric Engineering (June 20)
Week 10 AWK programming (June 27)
Week 11 Ancient Japanese Architecture (July 4)
Week 12 Chemical and Mechanical Engineering (July 11)
Week 13 Irrigation System (September 5)
Week 14 Digital and Analog (September 12)
Week 15 Term Exam (September 19)
Week 16 Try Multimedia (October 3)
Week 17 Factory Tour (October 10)
Week 18 Jobs at an electrical appliance maker (October 17)
Week 19 Being artistic (October 24)
Week 20 What is biochemics? (October 31)
Week 21 Translation of Technical English 1
(November 7)
Week 22 Translation of Technical English 2
(November 14)
Week 23 What is TOEIC? (November 28)
Week 24 Mechanical Engineering (December 12)
Week 25 Electric and Electronic Engineering (December 19)
Week 26 Agricultural Chemicals (January 16)
Week 27 Describing shapes (January 23)
Week 28 Term Exam (January 30)
Week 29 For further study (February 6)
Week 1 :
Introduction to the course
- Agreements:
- Take your seat and terminal with your class ID label. (# )
- No admittance to students fifteen minutes late.
- Follow the lecturer's instructions in MM room.
- No drinking, eating, or smoking.
- Latest information is available from our WWW server.
(http://www.center.tsuyama-ct.ac.jp/homepage/kats/cinfoae.htm)
- Format of assignments (Follow a normal official-letter style.)
- Right-justify today's date, your class, ID number, and name.
- Center and emphasize the theme.
- 類似の意味を表す表現が複数存在する場合はそれらの使い分けを考え,いかに曖昧性を排除するかに重点を置きます.
- 同時に,対外文書に求められる「美しさ・迅速さ」も評価の対象とします.課題はテキストファイルか上記条件を満たしたA4サイズのハードコピーで提出しますが,タイピングや印刷に時間が掛かっては失格です.
- 本年度が終了するまでに
- 工業分野で用いられる英語の特徴を理解し,基礎的な作文ができる.
- パソコンの基本的操作を理解する.
- キーボードのタッチタイピングができる.
- エディタを使用してテキストファイルや簡単なHTMLのソースが書ける.
- awk等で簡単なプログラムを作成することができ,工学系の英語論文に用いられる基礎的な統計の概念が理解できる.
- インターネットを利用した情報検索を効率的に行うことができる.
ようになってください.
Week 2 :
Machine tools
from your self introductions (sic...)
- I like the best HIP HOP all of music.
- My hobby is making cooking.
- I born asd came from in Kurashiki.
- On holiday, I have got up lately.
- I don't have a my car.
- I often watch some American movie.
- My home forword to 8 km from T.N.C.T in Tsuyama.
- I want to visit foreign country.
- I think Tsuyama is good place for me to study as well as to
make friends with very friendly Japanese.
- My bike is blue vespa!
- A color that I like the best is Blue.
- I belonged to basketball club.
- I have gronw up to Tsuyama.
- I was born in May 15, 1981.
- There is my personal computer in my room.
- I often teach Mt. for them. Thank you.
- I want to travel to a distant countory so it is necessary
to speaking English for communication.
- I like listen to music and specially American Hard Rock.
- Because I feel he doesn't understand our idea.
- I aim the pro tennis player.
- I am busy because of many jobs or studying of the school
or above societys, then I want to have many times.
- I am becomming very high tention during a consert.
- Horse race is one of most excite sport.
- He likes to take a walk, so I go to take a walk together everyday.
- I want to communicate with many foreigners whose mother tongue is English.
- Because your eyes look like to sea.
- Last year, I won a victory game of National....
- I want to very nice car but I have not money.
- I thought study English in class.
- I am belong to Kendou club.
- I don't like MARASON because I am very tired.
- Recently I am busy too much. For example, I choose member of studnet
council, hold a conference, and prepare study tour.
from Situational Conversation 1
- I've heard (that) .... 「...と聞いたことがありますよ.」
I hear (that) ... 「...だそうですね.」と言っても同じ.
- I've heard a lot about you .
- I hear you bought a new car.
- Is that correct? 「正しいですよね?」
That's true. 「その通り.」
(That) sounds interesting. 「面白そうだね.」
Oh, is that right? 「本当ですか?」
That will be wonderful. 「それはいいですね.」
it や this でなく that が使われることに注意.
- what it all means 「それがいったい何を意味するのか」
all は副詞としても使われる.
- You did it agan all alone.
- They were all in tears.
from "The Nature of Magnets"
- 目的や結果を表すso (that) ...
- Switch the light off so that we can sleep well.
- Check carefully so you won't miss any mistakes.
- I was excited, so I couldn't get to sleep.
- He checked carefully, so he found all the mistakes.
(all examples from Microsoft/Shogakukan Bookshelf 2nd. 1998.以下BS2.)
CHALLENGE 1 (いろいろな書き方で書いてみよう.)
- その機械は毎月点検せねばならない.
- 以下にその実験の方法を示す.
- 温度を保つために加熱した.
- 音は空気により伝わる.
- 加熱すると膨張(expansion)により圧力が増加する.
Week 3 :
What is electricity?
from your CHALLENGE 1
- Because of the temperature *keep, it heated.
Our trip was cancelled because of the heavy rain. / Our trip was
cancelled because we had the heavy rain.
- Because of the *expansion of heating, the pressure will be increased.
the expansion of heatingでは「加熱の膨張」
- When *heat, because of the expansion pressure *is increased.
- The pressure increases through the expansion when heated.
- When *heated, the pressure is increased with expansion.
heatedされる意味上の主語は何?
- When the substance is heated, the pressure is increased for expansion.
「膨張のために(圧力が)増加する」のか?
- If it heats, the pressure increases by expansion.
- When *it is heated, the pressure grows up by expansion.
最初に出てくるitが何を指すのかには注意が必要.ここではpressureに見えてしまう.
- When we heat something the pressure will increase.○
- If *heat up, the pressure will be increased by expansion.
heatするのは何?省略はあくまでredundantな要素を省くためのもの.
- The pressure increases by expansion with *heat it.
- The pressure increased with the expansion of *heating.
- The pressure can be increased with the expansion of *the heating.
- The pressure increased with expansion of *heat.
熱そのものは膨張しない.expansion caused by heatなら分かる.
- The pressure become high by expansion *depend heating.
- The pressure increases because it expands by heat.
pressure = it?
- The pressure will be increased with the *heating expansion.
- The pressure can be increased with the heat *through expansion.
- The addition of heat makes expansion and the pressure increase.
- Heating creates expansion and pressure increase.○
- *Heating with the pressure can be increased by expansion.
- *Heating the pressure is increased with expansion.
- Heating and the pressure is increased *to expansion.
- *Heating, the pressure is increased by the expansion.
- *It heated, th pressure is increased with expansion.
heatするのは何?分詞構文は誤解の恐れがない時だけ使おう.
CHALLENGE 2
- MRIを使って内部を観察した.
- 実験をしてみるとすぐに,その構造が複雑であることが分かった.
- 検定の結果,AはBでXはYであった.
Week 4:
Wanna be an architect.
タイプライティングの基礎
- 常に8本の指が触れている "a s d f j k l ;" をホームポジションと言います.
- aaa(space) aaa aaa ... のようなリズムで,それぞれの指に各キーを覚えさせます.練習の際には決して手元のキーボードを見てはいけません.次にasa asa ... のようにホームポジション内での指の移動を練習します.
- ホームポジションがマスターできたら,aqa aqa ... や aza aza aza ... のように,ホームポジションから指を動かすキーを練習します.qqq qqq ... や zzz zzz ... でも練習します.
- 「チャレンジ・ザ・タッチタイプ」等の練習ソフトは有効ですが,スピードよりも正確さを目指すようにします.「手元を見ない」「打ったあとはホームポジションへ戻る」ことを守るように.
from your CHALLENGE 2 (sic.)
- MRIを使って内部を観察した.
- We observated intrnal state by MRI.
- We observed interior by using MRI.
- We watched inside of *something object, used MRI.
- We used MRI to research the internal of the object.○
- We used MRI to reach *internal.
- The internal state *observed to use MRI.
- The internal state of the object was seen by MRI.○
- The internal state can be seen by MRI.○
withとbyは共に「手段や道具」を表す. write by hand with a penペンで手書きするstir with a spoon スプーンでかき混ぜる(BS2)
- 実験をしてみるとすぐに,その構造が複雑であることが分かった.
- As soon as we did the experiment,we *could know what the structure is compricate.
- As soon as the experiments, the structure was *found that it was complicated.
- As soon as experiment, I realized that structure *which complicated.
- As soon as *experiment, we found the organizasion is comlicated.
- As soon as we did experiment, we found the structure was complicated.○
- We *will soon understand how complicated this structure.
- We found it is complicated in structure as soon as *experiment.
- The structure is *understand that is complicated,as soon as do examination.
- We discovered that the structure is complicated as soon as *to do experiment.
- We find that the structuer is complicated as soon as *do experiment.
- We found that the structure is complicated as soon as *doing the experiment.
- We found the structure complicated as soon as *make experiments.
- The structure was compliciate after *soon experiment.
- We do a experiment soon and the structure *found compliciate.
- We *early found that the structure is dificult.
- When we try to do the experiment, *at once we can know that the structure is complicated.
- I understand as soon as *experiment that this structure is difficult.
- When we *done an experiments, we can know how complicated the structure of.
- We knew that the struct was complicated immediately after experiment.○
- I knew *complicated the struct that experiment soon.
- When we try to do the experiment, *at once we can know that the structure is complicated.
ここでの「すぐに」は時間的なものと同時に,「容易に」の意味を含んでいることに気づきましたか?
- 検定の結果,AはBでXはYであった.
- The test result was the A is B and the X is Y.○
- Resualt of the test is that A is B and X is Y .○
- Result of the test is A equal B and X equal Y.○
- The result *meaned A was B and X was Y.
- *Result of the test, we found that A is B and X is Y.
- *Result of the test, A was B and X was Y.
- *Result to test, we knew A is B,X is Y.
- *Result to test, I know that A is B and X is Y.
- Exam result show A is B and X is Y.○
- We knew A equal B and X equal Y as a result of the test.○
- As a result of the tests, A was B and X was Y.○
- From the result of the *authorization, A is B and X is Y.
- *From the test result, a equal b and x equal y.
この場合の「結果」は検定から導かれた「結論」であって,「検定」が「AはBでXはYであった」ことの原因ではないことに注意.よってas a result ofを必ずしも使う必要はありませんね.resultはresultsかthe result.
コンピュータウイルスについて
(5月8日情報センター連絡から抜粋)
新聞・テレビ等で報道されているように、強力なコンピュータウイルスが世界中で蔓延しています。このウイルスは添付ファイルとして送られてくるので、
ILOVEYOU
Susitikim shi vakara kavos puodukui
Mothers Day Order Confirmation
Important ! Read carefully !!
Very Funny.
などというメッセージを含む電子メールについている添付ファイルを絶対に開かないでください。
ウイルスを含む電子メールを自動的に発信する機能を持っているので、通常であれば信頼できる相手からであっても、上記のメッセージを含む場合は感染しますので注意してください。
CHALLENGE 3
- 温度設定を間違ったので失敗したようだ.
- 今回は分散分析は使えなかった.
Week 5:
Origin of Chemistry
from your CHALLENGE 3 (sic.)
- 温度設定を間違ったので失敗したようだ.
- Reason of unsuccess is the mistake of set of temperature.
- I made a wrong temperature setting, so it seemed to be *failure.
- A wrong *setting temprature made a mistake.
- A wrong setting the temperature *so it was a misstake.
- A wrong setting up the temperature *maked a mistake.
- A wrong thermometer *using *had a mistake.
- A wrong setting of temperature *has a mistake.
- A wrong tempreture setting would have *failing.
- A wrong temperature setting *took place a failure.
- A wrong setting at temperature has a mistake.
- Since we *mistake the setting of the temperature, we seem to fail.
- Because of the mistake of setting temperature, we *would fail.
- I *mistaked becouse wrong to set the temprature.
- I mistook the temperatuer set, *May be without success.
- I failed, because I made a mistake *to set the temperature.
- It have been failed because the mistake of temperature setting.
- It seems *failed because of a wrong temperature setting.
- It seems that we fail because we made a mistake of setting up temperature.○
- IT WAS A MISTAKE AT THE TEMPERATURE SET UP, SO IT *SEEM A FAILURE.
- It will be mistake because we failed *adjusting temperatuer.
- I *wornged set the temperature, so failed.
- The mistake of setting up a temperature make the job *fail.
- We had *lost, becouse we *wrong to set the temperature.
- We seem to be *failured due to our wrong setting of tem perature.
- We seem to *be failed because of wrong setting of temperature.
- We seemed to fail *that the temperature setting was wrong.
- *May be unsuccessful, because we wrong set of the temperature.
seem は使い方に注意の要る語.It seems that ... が一番使いやすいですが,The experiment seems (to be) a failure. や The experiment seems to have failed.も可能です.「間違った」はmake a mistake of ...ing と書くか,wrong setting of ...を
主語にしてみよう.
- 今回は分散分析は使えなかった.
- This time, we cannot use analyse of variance.○
- This time, we *will not use the analyse of variance.
- This time, the analyse of variance couldn't *use.
- This time, we couldn't use the analyse of variance.
- This time, we were unable to use analyse of variance.
- THIS TIME BREAK UP ANALYSIS DIDN'T *USED.
- *In this time, we couldn't use the analyse of variance.
- In this case I couldn't use *anova.
- We could not use ANOVA in this case.○
- ANOVA couldn't be used in this case.○
- Analyse of variance could not be used this time.○
- *This case, ANOVA couldn't be used.
- The ANOVA couldn't *use in this time.
- We didn't use analysis of variance in this time.
- We didn't use analyse of variance on this time.
- We couldn't use analyse of variance this time.○
- We can not use analyse of variance *in this time.
- We couldn't use ANOVA *in this time.
- We couldn't use analyse of variance *for now.
- I couldn't use analyse of variance this time.
- I can not use analyse of varlance *for now.
- I could not use the ANOVA*, this time.
- The analyze of variance could not *been used this time.
- This time, we couldn't use the analyse of variance. ○
- This time, we couldn't use *with analyse of variance.
- This time the analyse of variance couldn't *used.
- This time *didn't use analyse of variance.
「この場合」は in this caseですが,「今回」は this time だけで十分です.
正式な論文調では短縮形を使わず,could notと2語に分けて書く方が良いね.
CHALLENGE 4
- 実験でAがBであることを証明した.
- この装置でCがDであることを証明した.
Week 6:
Chapter 5. Environmental Engineering
気をつけよう
- 消しゴムのかすなど、マウスの操作の障害になるようなゴミを、机の上に残さないようにすること。
- キー・ボードは使用後、元の位置に正しく戻すこと。
- 床の上にゴミを捨てない、また見つけた場合には自主的にゴミ箱に捨てること。
- スリッパは退室時に、元の場所に整理して戻し、脱ぎ捨てたりしないこと。
CHALLENGE 4
- 実験でAがBであることを証明した.
- I proved A is B by expiarment.○
- We proved that A is B by the experiment.○
- We proved that A was B *at the experimennt.
- We proved that A was B *on experiment.
- We proved that A is B *in experiment.
- *In experiment We proved A is B.
- In the experiment, *it have been prove that A is B.
- We experimented and proved A was B.○
- We proved *in experiment that A was B.
- A equal B *was proved by the experiment.
- By this experiment A is B, we proved.
- The experiment proved that A ?is B.○
- It was proved that A was B *by doing experiment.
- この装置でCがDであることを証明した.
- We proved that C is D *in this device.
- We proved C was D *by this device.
- We proved that C *is D by this device.
- I proved C *is B by this device.
- We proved that C was D with this divice.○
- We proved with this device that C was D.○
- We proved C *equal D with the divice.
- *By this device A is B , we prooved.
- That C is D was proved *by this device.
- By *use this device, it *have been *prove that C is D.
- This divice *proved that C is D.
- It was proved that C was D *by using this device.
これらの場合の「で」はどちらも意図的に実験を行ったり,意図的にその装置を使用したのだから共に「手段・方法」を表す「で」です.「爆発で失敗した」や「選挙で決まった」の「で」のように「原因・根拠」を示す場合との意味の違いに注意しよう.
正確さを期するためにはexperimentやdeviceという単語を辞書などで調べ,前後に来る前置詞について確認してください.以下の例からinは実験の分野,onは実験の対象,withは実験の手段・材料を表していることが分かりますね.
- do an experiment in bioengineering
- experiment in crosbreeding
- conduct experiment on a laboratory rats
- do an experiment on shark behavior
- do some experiment on the growth of sponges
- conduct an experiment with rats
- an experiment with words
(all from Dictionary of English Collocations on CD-ROM, Kenkyusha 1997)
CHALLENGE 5
今までの日本語入力,エディタ,ブラウザの知識を使って,自分のホームページを作ってみよう.
ここに 長井(克)研のページ簡略版があります.これのソースコードを表示・エディタにコピーして書き換え,ネットワークMドライブへ提出してみてください.
Week 7:
Chapter 6. Computer Engineering
工業英検が行われました.
去る5月28日(日)本校において,第45回文部省認定工業英語能力試験が行われました.
CHALLENGE 6 (translation drills)
これからファイルを提出する際にはHTML形式にしやすいように工夫してください.アルファベットを全角にしたり,不要なスペースを入れないように.できれば項目リストを作るときのタグを文頭に付けて下さい.
- This elementis distinguished from all the other elements by its ability to form various compoounds.
- Under certain conditions semiconductors allow a current to flow easily, but under others they behave as insulators.
- 部品組立図は,形状,寸法,他の全ての特徴を表すために非常に詳細に書かれる.
- 金属線を巻いたコイルが強力な磁石の両極間で動くと電気が生じる.
Week 8:
To be an engineer
Sequential voicing in Japanese
日本語には連濁を起こす語と起こさない語が存在する.
「咲き」:八重咲き・遅咲き・返り咲き・室咲き
「花」:雄花・火花・草花・切り花・生け花
「先」:ペン先・訪問先・庭先・足先・得意先
以下は佐藤大和(1995)「複合語におけるアクセント規則と連濁規則」による.「濁る」のは一般に「有声化」だが,日本語ではバ行にハ行が対応していることにも注意しよう.
- 漢語・外来語は濁りにくく,馴染みのある語(結合語)・和語は
濁り易い.
「おひれ」は「尾と鰭」だが,「おびれ」は「付け加えたありもしないこと」の意.
「読み書き」は「読み」と「書き」だが,「走り書き」は「走り」と「書き」ではない.
- 「通す」:「言い通す・押し通す・刺し通す」は,「言う」と「通す」が結合して別の意味になっているわけではないので,濁らない.「開け放つ・言い放つ・解き放つ」も同様.
- 「~する人」は濁らない.そのものを指す結合語になると
濁ることがある.
「人形使い」は「つかい」なら「使う人」で,「づかい」は「人形の使い方」(のはず...nagai).
「月給取り・将棋差し・人買い・相撲取り・ピアノ弾き・絵描き」は,「~する人」なので濁らない.
- 「~する道具」を表す「水差し・ズボン吊り・本立て・爪切り・ねずみ取り・針刺し」は濁らない.
- 「人相描き・効能書き・ガラス張り・塩引き・梅干し」は前後部分が結合して「その結合体そのもの・結果として出来たもの」を指しているので後半が濁るが,「原稿書き・草取り・麦踏み・カルタ取り・落穂広い・旗取り」は「~する人・~すること」を指すので濁らない.
- 「砂糖」「会社」「菓子」「稽古」等が漢語の例外.
「カルタ」「キセル」が外来語の例外,「先」は和語だが濁らない例外.
- 擬声・擬態語は濁りにくい.
「サラサラ」「コロコロ」「カリカリ」
- 畳語は濁る.
「人々」「国々」「返す返す」「散り散り」
- 連続した濁音は避けられる.
「くず」:紙屑・金くず・切りくず・星くず,「ことば」;合い言葉・早口ことば・大和ことば,「傷つける」と「あとづける・位置づける・名付ける」,「飛び火」「焚き火・残り火・もらい火」,「仕上げかんな」と「台がんな・槍がんな・突きがんな」
- 「ん」の後は濁り易い.
「本国・隣国・戦国」と「外国・異国・祖国」
- 「子」が「子供・赤ん坊」の意味の時は濁る.
「赤子・愛し「子・捨て子・教え子・里子・逆子・迷子・乳飲み子」と「お針子・売り子・芸子・踊り子・道産子・タラコ」
- 「日」が「太陽」の意味の時は濁らない.
「朝日・夕日・入り日・初日」と「薄日・西日・木漏れ日・月曜日・誕生日・記念日・旗日」
- 「刺し」が「刺身」の意味の時は濁らない.
「イカ刺し・アジ刺し・馬刺し・鳥刺し」と「芋刺し・串刺し・田楽刺し・メザシ」.
Week 9:
working for a company connected with the electoric engineering
from CHALLENGE 6
- 部品組立図は,形状,寸法,他の全ての特徴を表すために非常に詳細に書かれる.
- Subassembly drawings is express for shape, measure and other the all feature is writed in detail.
- Subassembly drawings are *wrote with very detail because express for *characuteristic to *folum, meagel and other of all.
- Subassembly drawings are drawn [clumsy. made/produced] in detail extremely [in great detail] to express [the] shapes, measurements and all of [the] other characteristics.
- 金属線を巻いたコイルが強力な磁石の両極間で動くと電気が生じる.
- The *coiru of metal wire *is function between strong magnitic the to poles, and *brong electricity.
- [If] A coil of metal wire moves between the positive and negative poles of strong magnets and [,] then current is generated.
- Erectorisity is *coused by The coil of metal wire moved[ing] between *both electoroee of storong magnet[s].
Challenge 7
知らない国から来た人と話をしたいと思ったが,分かったのは以下の
表現だけだった.この人のことばで
I eat so he works.
と書き,データドライブへ提出しなさい.
- ak'usum (You eat.)
- rik'ulik (He arrives.)
- hat aloq' (You buy.)
- ihin nik'amam (I work.)
- ak'amam ciak'usum (You work to eat.)
- re?riloq' cirik'usum (He buys to eat.)
- riloq' cihat aloq' (He buys so you buy.)
- ak'ulik ciihin nik'amam (You arrive so I work.)
awkを動かしてみよう!(言語と自然言語・その1)
MS-DOSコマンドプロンプトを開き,作業用ディレクトリを作成する.
そこに共用ドライブにあるファイルを全てコピーする.
jgawk 'コマンド' [データファイル名]
の形で試してみよう.(jgawkとだけ打ち込むと,オプションのヘルプ
が現れる.)
jgawk -f random.awk kusa2.txt > kusa2.out
のように書くとファイルにリダイレクトされる.ただしこれは
OSの仕事.
#
# 工業英検問題自動作成プログラム (jgawk版)
# (c) Katsumi NAGAI 2000 (kats@tsuyama-ct.ac.jp)
#
# BEGIN はawkが入力行を読み込む前にアクションを起こす.
# 変数 FS (field separator)に区切りをセットする.
# ここでは半角コロンを指定.
BEGIN { FS = ":" }
# NR (number of returns)は読み込んだ行数を格納している関数.
# $1 $2 はそれぞれ1つ目と2つ目のフィールド(列).
{ x[NR] = $1 ; y[NR] = $2 }
# END はBEGINと逆で,awkが全ての入力行を読み終えた後に実行される.
# C言語と同じ,ループとインクリメントで20回繰り返す.
# セミコロンでなく改行も,もちろん可(これはedlin時代の書き方か).
END { for (i=1; i <= 20; i++)
# ここがばらばらの前後を並べるアクション部分.
print x[randint(NR)], y[randint(NR)] }
# 以下で非負整数の乱数を得る.rand は0から1の間の乱数を作るので,
# 0からnまでにして(n*rand()),小数部分を切り落とし(int),1を加える.
function randint(n) {return int(n*rand()) + 1}
Week 10:
Awk programming
From Challenge 7
ドイツ語を学ぶと,英語だけしか勉強しない人には分からないいろいろな
ことに気付きます.
文字・記号のルールを探るのを形態素分析,話し言葉のルールを探るのを
音素分析と呼び,どちらも言語の規則性を考える上で有意義なものです.
なおこの問題は筑波大学の入試問題です.
- ak'usum (You eat.)
- rik'ulik (He arrives.)
- hat aloq' (You buy.)
- ihin nik'amam (I work.)
- ak'amam ciak'usum (You work to eat.)
- re?riloq' cirik'usum (He buys to eat.)
- riloq' cihat aloq' (He buys so you buy.)
- ak'ulik ciihin nik'amam (You arrive so I work.)
k'ulik (arrive), loq' (buy), k'amam (work), k'usum (eat)等が動作を
表しているようです.次に,ihin (I), hat (you), re? (he)が抽出できそうです
が,日本語の主語と同様,その出現は随意的なものに見えます.
英語以外の言語を勉強したことのある人はここでピンときます.つまり,
上記の動詞が語頭で屈折変化をしています. I に続く場合は
ni が, you に続く場合は a が, he に続く場合には ri が,それぞれ
接頭辞として動詞の語頭に付いています.目的を表すのも接頭辞で,
ci がその役割をしているようです.
そこで問題の英文は
(ihin) nik'sum cire? rik'amam
ということになります.
awkを動かしてみよう!(言語と自然言語・その2)
著作権の切れた文学作品のテキストファイルが「青空文庫」
http://www.aozora.gr.jp/
として集められています.暇なときに読むのも楽しいですが,
ことばを機械処理する実験の格好の材料となります.
今日の材料は同文庫に掲載されている芥川龍之介の「鼻」
(hana.txt)です.なおダウンロードされるファイルは圧縮されているので
元に戻す(日本では「解凍」と呼ぶ事が多いようです)ツールが
必要です.適当なフリーソフトウェアを利用すればよいでしょう.
このファイルはテキストファイルなので,ワープロでもエディタでも,
殆どのソフトウェアで読むことができます.とりあえずWindowsの
MS-DOSプロンプトを起動して,
type hana.txt
と打ち込み,中身を覗いてみよう.typeはファイルを表示する
命令です.
大きなファイルなので,画面が流れて読むことができません.type命令は
指定されたファイルの内容を画面という「標準の出力」に出すだけだからです.
そこで,
type hana.txt | more
と打ってみます.タテ棒は「パイプ」と呼ばれ,左から出力された内容を
右のmore命令に渡す役割をします.moreはtypeからの内容を受け取り,
1画面ずつに区切って見せてくれます.但し後戻りはできません.
lessと呼ばれるプログラムはそれができますが,使えるとは限りません.
このファイルは段落ごとに改行されていますが,1文ずつ改行されている
と1行を1単位として処理できるので,マルのある位置で改行した
ファイルを作ります。こういうときに awk が活躍します。
newlines.awkという名前で以下のようなファイルを作成し,
# newlines (kats@tsuyama-ct.ac.jp)
# gsubは組み込み関数で,/ /の中の文字を見つけると," "の中の
# 文字と置き換えます。\nは改行を表します。
{ gsub (/。/, "。\n")
print $0
}
コマンドプロンプトから
jgawk -f newlines.awk hana.txt > hana2.txt
を実行してみてください。1文毎に改行が入っているはずです。
ついでに各文に番号を付けてみよう.以下のようなファイルを作り
linenum.awkという名前で保存して
# linenumber (kats)
# $0は文全体を表します.
{ print ++ln $0}
同様にコマンドプロンプトから
jgawk -f linenum.awk hana2.txt > hana3.txt
を実行します.
type hana3.txt | more
で確認してみよう.
さて,この文章の中から単語「鼻」を抜き出してみよう.search.awk
の名前で下のようなファイルを作り,
# search
{ if (match ($0, "鼻"))
print $0
}
jgawk -f search.awk hana3.txt > hana4.txt
と実行して,ファイル hana4.txtを見てみよう.
Challenge 8
- この作品のマル「。」をテン「.」に換えたファイルを提出せよ.
- 「内供」という語が含まれている文をテキストファイルの形で作り提出せよ.
Week 11:
Ancient Japanese Architecture
Challenge 8 (言語と自然言語・その3)
- 自分のPCのtmpフォルダを空にしなさい.
- ネットワークの読み込み専用ドライブの中身を全てそのtmpフォルダにコピーしなさい.
- 「吾輩は猫である」が neko.txt にある.先週のページを参考に,「吾輩」という単語が含まれる文はいくつあるかawkを使って調べ,その結果のファイルを長井(克)用ドライブに提出しなさい. (ファイル名は端末番号.txtとすること.)
Week 12:
Chemical and Mechanical Engineering
Challenge 9
Put into English and hand in your file to my network drive.
- 「疲れたあ.」
- 「実験が成功したら,家へ帰るよ.」
- 「彼女は実験を成功させることができた.」
Week 13:
Irrigation System
POP QUIZ NEXT WEEK! (from Handout 「適語補充」)
All students MUST sit for the First-term Exam on 19th September!
The term exam will cover:
- Use of PC [25%]: Typing test (10 minutes).
- Written exam:
- Textbook (Handouts) [50%]: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1,
5.2, 6.1, 6.2.
- Handouts (Grammar) [25%]: A/an and the, The (1-3) (esp. Exercises 71.3, 72.3, 74.3).
From Challenge 9
- 「疲れたあ.」
"tsukare-ta"と言うのは一般に"tsukare-te-iru" というstate(状態). 「昨日疲れた.」なら過去形で書くべきですが,「もう疲れた.」の意味なら現在形の方が良い.get tired of ... (...にうんざり)と混同しないように.
- I'm tired.
- I am too tired.
- I'm burned out.
- I feel tired.
- I *felt tired!
- I got tired.
- I got tired out.
- I *get tired.
- *I'll be tired.
- Was tired *with.
- 「実験が成功したら,家へ帰るよ.」
"...ta" in "...tara" only indicates that ... precedes a tense of the main clause.「帰る」より時間的に先であるだけで,過去とは限らない.
- If I complete this experiment, I will go home.
- If I succeed in the experiment, I'll go home.
- Let's go home if we succeed in doing the experiment.
- If I succeed *the experiment, I'll go home.
succeed ... は「...を継ぐ」 Smith succeeded Jones as governor.(BS2)など.
- If I succeed *experiment, I *go home.
- If I succeed *the experiment, I am *going to come back my home.
- If I succeed *experiment, I'm going to come back home.
Handout の be going to... を熟読のこと.
- If I make a success of the experiment, I'm *going to come home.
- If I make a success of *experiment I will go home.
- If we ?achieve the experiment, I *come home.
- If experiment *successes, I will come home.
- If the experiment is ?success, I am going to my home.
- If *experiment is *success, I go back to home.
- If the experiment ?can be success, ?then I will go home. このプログラマ魂は立派!
- If the experiment *be successful, I will go home.
- If the experiment *succeeds, I am *going to come home.
- If the experiment *succeed, I will go home.
- If the experiment *have been *success, I will come home.
- If I ?achieve an experiment, I will come home.
- If I ?achieved a experiment, I'm ?going to return home.
- After the experiment *finished, I will go home. 勉強になる文です.finishするのはまだ先のことだから,過去形にしてはいけません.
- After *a experiment is *success, I'm ?going to come home.
- When ?expiarment *prove successful, I will go home.
- When the experiment is *succeeded, I'm going to go home.
- I ?go home if I *succeed my experiment.
- I'll go back *to home after the success of the expariment.
- I'll go home when *finish the experiment. I finish なら良いね.
- I will be back *to home, after experiment is sucseed.
- I'll *sccess the experiments, so I'm going to home.
- I *would *success the experiment so I will go to my house.
- 「彼女は実験を成功させることができた.」
レポートが出来なくて,指導教官に来週でも良いか("Can I hand it in next week?")と尋ねると,"You could, but...." と言われる.この言い方をされたら相当の減点を覚悟すること.「どうしても来週に出そうとするなら,一応受け取りはするが...(でもそりゃトンデもないことだぜ,と言われたのです)」このような仮定法との混同が起きるので,科学英語ではcouldを避ける.
- She was able to succeed in her experiment.
- She was able to succeed in the experiment.
- She was able to finish the experiment.
- She made a success of the experiment.
- She was able to make a success of the experiment.
- She was able to have the experiment done well. 自分ではしなかったんだな.
- She was able to achieve an experiment.
- The girl was be able to make the experiment success.
- She was able to prove *successful for expiarment. her success in... ならOKだね.
- She was *got sucsess form experiment.
- She was able to *be *succeeded the experiment.
- She've finished the experiment.
- She succeeded *the expariment.
- She did *success her experiment.
- She ?could succeed in the experiment.
- She ?could *success the experiment.
- She ?could *success her experiment.
- She ?could *be success the experiment.(And she go home)
- She ?could be *succeed the experiment
- She ?could *do *success experiment.
- She ?could *succeed *expiment.
- She ?could *succeed *a experiment.
- She ?could *succeed the experiment.
- She ?could have *succeed the experiment.
- She ?could finish the experiment.
- She ?could make *sccess the experiments.
- She *formed to get success on experiment.
Challenge 10
Put into English and hand in your file to my network drive.
- 「隣で勉強していた友人が,突然泣き始めた.」
- 「8時に起きたのなら,間に合うはずだ.」
- 「彼が本気だったことが彼女にもそのうち分かるだろう.」
Week 14:
Digital and Analog
From Challenge 10
- 「隣で勉強していた友人が,突然泣き始めた.」
1時間前から勉強し続けていた友人が,5分前に泣き始めたと考えるのが普通かな.study と begin がこの順で出てくるなら,両方とも過去形で書きます.もちろん,「泣き始める」方は進行形にできないので注意.
- My friend studying next to me suddenly began to cry.
- My friend, who was studying next to me, started crying suddenly.
- My friend who was studying next to me suddenlly began to cry. (この場合は泣かなかった友達も側にいることになるね.)
- Suddunly, a friend studying next to me began to cry.
- A friend studying next to me suddenly began to cry.
- A friend studying by me began crying suddenly.
- My friend who ?studied next to me suddenly began to cry.
- A friend *studing next to me suddenly began to cry.
- All of a sudden my friend studying next to me *begins to cryi ng.
- A friend studying next to me, suddenly *begin to cry.
- A friend studying next to me suddenly ?cried.
- My friend was studying *with next to me, suddenly she began to cry.
- My friend studying next to me, began to cry *on a sudden.
- The friend who was *study in the next door is suddenly begin to cry.
- Suddenly my friend *studing next to me began crying.
- Suddenly, my friend *studing next to me began to cry.
- Suddenly my friend *start to cry, *who was studing at next to me.
- (my friend, who was studying next to me, started to cry は可)
- Suddely, my friend that *studing the next is began to cry.
- Suddenly my friend studying next to me started crying. (start crying / start to cry のどちらも可能だが,開始したことに重点があるので start to cry の方が良い.)
- Suddenly a friend studying next to me *begin to cry.
- Suddenly the friend who *is studying next to me began to cry.
- Suddenly *he began to cry, who studying next to me. (he who... をこのように使うのは不可.It was he who answered the question.は可能.)
- *Friend studying next to me suddenly began to cry.
- Suddenly a friend began to cry when he *studying next to me. (ちょっと違うぞ.)
- My friend studying *neighboring, suddenly he began to cry. (nieghbouring は neighbouring countriesのような形で使おう.)
- *Next to my friend who is studing begin to cry suddenly. (主語なし)
- My friend *begin to cry suddenly *that is studying *of the next.
- The friend that studied at *neighbor began to cry suddnly.
- *Friend studying next to me suddnly began to cry.
- Suddenly a friend studying next to me *that started to cry .
- *Friend who is *studing next to me began to cry suddenly.
- Suddenly the friend next to me *to began to cry.
- Suddenlly a *friends studying next to me *begin to cry.
- A friend who *studying next to me suddenly began to cry.
- A friend studying next to me, suddenly *begin to cry.
- 「8時に起きたのなら,間に合うはずだ.」
現在9時で,これから先の10時の列車に間に合う,と考えるケース.実際に8時に起きたかどうかは分からないので,仮定法の過去完了形を使う必要はない.ただし,間に合わなかった相手を非難しているとも考えることもできて,その場合は If you had waken... と言うことになります.
- You would be in time if you had got up at 8:00.
- You should be in time, If you got up in 8:00.l
- You got up at eight o'clock, then you have to be in time.
- If you got up at eight o'clock, you will be in time.
- If you got up at 8 o'clock, you will be in time.
- If you got up at 8 o'clock, you would be in time. (この場合は間に合わなかったことにもなりますね.)
- If you got up at eight, you must be in time.
- If you woke up at eight, you ought to be in time.
- If he got up 8 o'clock, he must be in time.
- If you got up at 8:00 you can be in time.
- If you got up at 8 o'clock, you should *have been in time.
- If you get up at 8 O'clock, you can be in time.
- If you got up at 8:00, you will be in time.
- If you got up at 8 o'clock, you could be in time.
- If he woke up at 8 o'clock , he will be in time.
- If you *get up at eight O'clock, you will be in time.
- If you *waked up at 8 o'clock that able to be in time.
- You should *been in time if you have been wake up on 8 o'clock.
- If I *get up 8 AM, I *am in time.
- You *get up at eight, so you are in time.
- You may not *miss, if you *have get up 8 o'clock
- If you got up *8, you should be in time.
- If you get up at 8, you'll be in time.
- If you *get up *8, you will be in time.
- We will be in time if we *get up at 8.
- If I *get up at 8:00, I must be in the time.
- If you get up at eight, you ought to *catch.
- You must be in time if you *get up at 8.
- If *get up at eight o'clok that you will be in time.
- If *waked up at 8:00, he must be in time.
- If *got up at eight, *it must be in time.
- You most be in time if you *get up at 8 o'clock.
- If you *get up 8 o'clock, you'll be in time.
- If you *get up at 8 , you must be in time.
- If you *get up 8 *at, you will be in time.
- 「彼が本気だったことが彼女にもそのうち分かるだろう.」
- She will understand that he was serious, ?sooner.
- She would notice soon that he was serious.
- Sooner or later, she will understand that he was serious.
- Sooner or later she will know that he was serious.
- Sooner or later she will find that he was serious.
- She is going to understand that he was serious before long.
- Some day she will understand that he was serious.
- She will understand later he was serious.
- She will know sooner or later that he was serious.
- She'll understand that he meant it. (含蓄ありすぎ...)
- She will also know soon that he was serious. (ここのalsoは必ずしも必要ではないような気がします.)
- She will understand by and by that he was serius.
- She will understand soon that he is serious.
- She will understand that he was serious *soon.
- She will understand *sooner that he was serious
- She will figure out that he was serious *sooner.
- She will find soon he was *earnestly.
- She will understand sooner or later he was *seriously.
- Sooner or later, she will understand that he *is serious.
- She will also understand that he *had serious *soon or later
- She will understand, he was serious *sooner.
- She will notice little by little *what he was serious.
- She would gradually notice that he *is serious.
- *If he have been serious, she will be understand in that, is it.
- He was serious *that she understand later.
- *Late she'll understand that he was serious.
- ?Almost she will get it sooner or later *that he was serious.
- I hope she *understands *what he was serious someday.
- She will understand he was serious.
- She'll understand that he was serious.
- She will understand *sooner that he *is serious
- He was serious *soon she will be understand, *too.
- She will figure out that he was serious *soon.
先週連絡したように,次週この教室で前期試験を行います.筆記試験に先立ち,
コンピュータを使った実技小テストを行います.
Week 15:
Term Exam
Week 16:
Try Multimedia
Challenge 11
- Click Here and fill in the blanks below:
- This movie was ( ) ( ).
- It was completely ( ) ( ).
- I laughed until my ( ) ( ).
- Everyone was ( ) ( ).
- This director takes humor to ( ) ( ).
- Run "Sound" program and record the answer above.
- Hand in your file to our shared (M:) Drive.
Challenge 12
Read this
newspaper
and answer the questions below:
- オリンピックはいつ終わりましたか?
- 花火は何発上がったのですか?
- 女子が金メダルを一番たくさん取った国はどこですか?
Some dictionaries are available online
here and
here .
Hand in your file to our shared (M:) Drive.
Week 17:
Factory Tour
Challenge 13
Listening practice
- Click Here and choose the correct answer of Day 3:
- Click Here and fill in the blanks in Day 4:
Challenge 14
(テキストファイルを1つ作り,チャレンジ15の答えと一緒に提出してください)
Read this
advice column
and answer the questions below:
- 12歳の男の子の悩み(Dear Kirstyで始まる,1つ目の相談)は何ですか?
- 12歳の男の子はどうしたら良いと書いてありますか?
- 2つ目の相談では,16歳の女の子は何が不幸なのですか?
- 16歳の女の子はどうしたら良いと書いてありますか?
Challenge 15
Write in English and hand in the text file.
- 温度の影響はないようだった.
- どちらの理論も正しくないと思う.
Week 18:
Jobs at an electrical appliance maker
Challenge 16
Listening practice
- Click Here and choose the correct answer of Day 5:
- Click Here and fill in the blanks in Day 6:
From Challenge 15
- 温度の影響はないようだった.
nothingを使いすぎないこと.基本的にnot anythingであることに注意.
- It seems that there was no effect of temperature.○
- It seems that the effect of temperature was ?nothing.
- I thought that the influence of temperature was ?nothing.
- It seems that the effect of temperature is not *relationship.
- It seemed that *not affected by temerature.
- It seemed *nothing influence for temperture.
- It seems that *it was not affected by temperatur.
- It seemed *that no influence of temperature.
- It seems to be *there is no influence of temperature.
It hardly seems that... のように否定を先に出すことも覚えておこう.
- Effect of tempreature seemed to *nothing.
- Temperature *seemed to affect it.
- The temperature had not influence *in it.
- *Temperature's effect *hadn't seen to found.
- I thought that tempurature did not *effect.
- It was not influenced *of temperature.
- It would be not affected *temperature .
- It is not *effect by tempreture.
- Effect of temprature was ?nothing.
- *Temperature's influence was nothing.
- *There is not affected by temperature
- There *would be no thermal effect.
- There was *nothing effect of temperature.
- There was no effect in temperature.
- There was no effect of temperature.○
- There wasn't *effect about temp.
- We can *guessed that it was not affected by temperatuer.
- どちらの理論も正しくないと思う.
- I think both theories are wrong.○
- I think that both theories are ?bad. ちょいと失礼かな.
- I think both theories are not correct.
- I think that both theory are not right.
partial negationは曖昧になりがちで,工学英語では避けたいところ.
- I think neither *theorys are wrong.
eitherやneitherは単数に続くと覚えておく方が無難.
- I think *no to right both ethics.
- I think *about both theorys is bad.
- I thought that both ?ethics was not eight.
- I thought that the both theory was not proper.
- I think that *which theorey *niether nor right.
- I don't think that both suggestion *is right.
- I think both *theory is not good.
- I think both the theory is not correct.
- I thought both *is not correct.
- I think *not light both theory.
- I think that both *of theory are wrong.
- I think both *logic is not right.
- I thik both *theory isn't right.
- It is not true in both *theoreticals.
- We think that their *theory are not right ?either.
- Both of the two theories do not *seem correct.
- Both of logik *think not right.
- Both the *theory was wrong I thoght.
- Both theories are probably wrong.○
- Both theory are *mistake.
Challenge 17
Read another
agony column
and answer the questions below:
- 17歳のBuffの悩み(Dear Kirstyで始まる,1つ目の相談)は何ですか?
- Kirstyはどうしたら良いとアドバイスしていますか?
- C.P.R.とは何だと思いますか?
- GPとは何だと思いますか?
C.P.R./GPはアメリカかイギリスの検索エンジンを使って調べてみよう.
cpr
Challenge 18
Write in English and hand in the text file.
- 観測値は計算した値と一致した.
- よって仮定は正しかったと考えられる.
答えは共にテキストファイルにして共用ドライブへ提出.
Week 19:
Being artistic
Challenge 17
Listening practice
- Click here and choose the correct answer of Day 7:
From Challenge 18
- 観測値は計算した値と一致した.
- Observed value is the same as calculated value.○
- The experimental value agreed with a theoretical one.○
- The experimental value agreed with a theoretical value.○
- *We experimental value agreed with a theoretical one. Our... なら○.
- A value ?of observation coincided with the value calculated.
from my observation の方がよいと思います.
- The measured value *mached the culiculated value.
匹敵する,の意でmatchが可能ですね.
- A value ?of observation was agreed with the value calculated.
- A survey value is *agree to calculation value.
- *Observation points *agreed calculation points.
- The observation values *agreed the calculation values.
- Observed value is *agreement with calculated value.
- Observed value was *agreement with calcurated value.
- The observed value was *agreement with calcurated value.
- The observed value was *agreement *of *caluculate value.
- An *observe value is *agreement with calculation value.
... is in agreement with ... values ならOKです.
- The *observation point was in agreement with the calculated value.
これは観測地ですなあ.
- The volue of observation is *coincidence with the volue of calculation.
- The actual measurement *coincidenced with afigure of caliculation.
... is coincident with calculated values や ... is in coincidence with なら可能です.ただこの語は「偶然一致」する感じがします.自信を持って実験した場合はちょっと.
- ?Observation data coincidenced with coincidenced data
- The actual measurement *coincidenced with afigure of caliculation.
coincide と混同したかな.
- The result of experiment is the same of *calculation.
calcualted oneとでもしましょう.
- A observation *price coincided with a calcutation price.
理科系の「値」はvalueを使います.
- Calculation *became the same value as observation.
These calculation show/indicate that ... という形は可能です.
- Measured value is the same value as computed.
- ?Observation value corresponded to the calculated value.
- Observation value is corresponding to caluculation value.
- The ?observation value corresponds to the ?calculation one.
観測された,計算された,という受け身の意味なので,observed/calculated の方が良い.correspond with/to は「該当する」感じがしますね.
- The ?observation value was corresponding to the calculated value.
- *A experiment *completed with the result that measurement value *agreement calculated ?value.
- よって仮定は正しかったと考えられる.
- Therefore it seems that the assumption is right.○
- Therefore, it is thought that assumption was correct. ○
- Therefore, it is thought that assumption was right.○
- Therefore, the assumption was correct, I think.○
- So I can think that the assumption was right.○
- So the supposition was right, I think.○
ただし上の三つは技術英語ではちょっとヤワラカすぎる.
- Because of it, we can think the assumption is correct.
○ですが,itが曖昧です.
- Therefore, I *thought assumption was correct. thinkですね.
- Consequently, I think the supposition was right. ○
- As the result, we think that the assumption is rhgit.
科学論文で責任の所在がはっきりしないweはケシカランという人は多い.文法的には○ですが.
- Therefore, I suspect that a supposition was right.
- Therefore, I suspect that a suppsition was right.
自分の論点を自分で疑ったらアキマセン.
- It is considend that the surpposition was good.
- As ?the result, we think that the assumption is rhgit.
- As the result of the experiment, we can consider that the assumption was correct.
- As ?the result of *a experiment, we can consider that the assumption was correct.
as a result の方をset phraseとして覚えておこう.
- Consequnently the assumption was right *to think.
- So supposition can *think that it was right.
suppositionはthinkしない.
- Therefore, *it can think that supposition was right.
itもthinkしない.
- By *the a supposition *means right.
- It is *consider that the supposition was right.
- Therefore we can *think right supposition.
- Therefore it *concider that supposition was right.
- Consequently *It think that an assumption was *honest.
- Accordingly, *It can consider that the supposition is proper.
as a result, therefore, consequently だけでなく,accordingly も前の文を受けて,それ故に,とつなぐときに使えますね.
Challenge 19
Read
this page about unisex toilets
and answer the questions below:
- unisex toiletがなぜアメリカの高校で導入されるのですか?
- あなたはunisex toilet に賛成ですか?反対ですか?理由とともに英語で書いてみてください.
Hand in your text file to our shared drive.
トイレの歴史について
ブリタニカ百科事典やアメリカの
ヤフーで調べてみよう.
Week 20:
What is biochemics?
Challenge 20
Listening practice
- Click here and choose the correct answer of Day 1:
- Click here and choose the correct answer of Day 2:
From Challenge 19
- unisex toiletがなぜアメリカの高校で導入されるのですか?
- Because unisex toilets help to prevent bullying,
vandalism and smoking.
- A secondary school is installing unisex toilets in an attempt
to help prevent bullying, vandalism and smoking.
- あなたはunisex toiletに賛成ですか?反対ですか?理由とともに英語で書いてみてください.
「その案に賛成・反対」は I am for/gainst the plan. でOKですが,agree with him/on that matter/to that suggestion (それぞれの前置詞に注意)を使えるようになろう.
- I am against unisex toilets because I think that sex crimes begin to increase.
ややこしいですが,反対するのは「共用トイレ」ではなく「共用トイレを作ること」です.
- I hate unisex *toilet becouse we don't have a rest.
これは多分「落ち着く」でしょうから,あえてhave a restとする必要はないのでは?
rest roomと引っかけたのかな?
- I agree to unisex *toilet because it *uses many cost.
costはuseできません.「お金がかかる」はcostを動詞として使います.
- I don't agree to unisex, because I is *ashade.
ashamedのことでしょうか.
- I think unisex toilet is good thing because it will be *cleaned toilet.
- I agree with it. Because I think that *keep to clean it.
keep the toilet cleanでトイレをきれいに保つ,だね.
- I am against this plan, because women ?can not use to be ?unreserved, and men too. So it will dicide after consulting with *user.
何となく分かるけど,unreservedはどういう意味?
- I don't object to *install unisex toilets. I am a man, so it is no problem to use same toilets with women. But women may have problems, so I think it is nacessary to gather information by questionnaire.
明確な論旨の良い解答です.object to the installation of ... ならOK.
- I like unisextoilet because I like women.
おいおい.
- I hate unisex *toilet because I will feel shame.
feel ashamedともよく言います.でもこんな時はembarrassedの方が近い感じ.
- I am against about unisex *toilet becouse *it feel so bad.
トイレは感じない.
- I am against this type of toilets because It's *good idea. For example it is able to *make at low cost.
論旨が矛盾してないか.
- I am against this type of toilet. Because it simply had a very grotty set of toilets, that desporaately needed refurbishing.
O.K.!
- I am against this type of toilets because schoolgirls are about to be taken sneak shots and sexual harassment.
うーん,笑い事ではすまされないなあ.
- I'm for this type of toilet, because that will reduce costs for constructing school. If they ?used unisex toilets, they would not need two kind of toilets.
2つ目の文がちょっと曖昧.トイレを使用するとどうなるのかな.
- I am against this type of toilets. I suppose that boys and girls are
ashamed *each other and cause students to sexual harassment.
each otherは「お互い」で,「お互いに」の意味はありません.both ashamedとでも.
- I approve unisex toilet. Becouse I think that bullying decrease.
- I am for this type of toilets. Because introducing it save space in a structure.
- I agreed to the opinion because of cost.
- I'm for a unisex toilet. Because I like it.
上4つはシンプルな文で誤りを避けてます.良い方略です.
- This idea is *against. *Because suddenly the opposite sex enter the toilet, I am surprised.
againstだけでは不可です.Beacause I will be surprised if .... ですね.
- I do not think installing unisex toilets into a secondary school is a good idea. The attempt of this (?this attempt) is to prevent bullying, vandalism and smoking (?",") but there must be a lot of more serious unexpected problems than bullying, ?vandalism and smoking (these two are redundant) I guess. For example, the problem between school boys and school girls. And, as ?it said, the problem of 'No-go territory'. After all, I am not for this type of toilets.
Good work. You could rephrase and analyse No-go territory etc.
- I am against *about it. Because I will be unskillful.
???
- I *am thought *good. But, smoking won't be stopped. I don't think that *it needs to divide man and woman.
think the idea goodでそれを良い考えと思う,ですね.itを使うときは,それが何を指すのかを考えて.
- I agree. Because everyone considers each other and nobody makes it dirty.
このconsiderは「思いやる」の意味ですね.be considerate of othersとも言うね.
- I agree with unisex *toilet. Because I like clean *toilet. And men and women will be more friendly there.
Clear and simple. Good.
- I like unisex toilet because it is more beautiful than *each toilet. It saves space. It is *practical idea.
- I like unisex toilet because I like beutiful toilet.
- I am unpleasant in unisex toilet. The reason is not to *be able to be slow in the rest room. You should talk with the friend, ?mend the hair by the rest room at the school, and, after all, ?settle down.
なんとなく分かるような....
- It is difficult to apply superiority or inferiority because there are a merit and a weak point also in any.
Specify!
- I *opposes unisex toilet. Because I *takes care with the woman. I think that the *thing cleanly used *it is necessary. And ?that is *Individual problem.
- I am *opposite. Because, I am shameful. However, I think that it is wonderful that the rest room becomes beautiful.
oppositeは「反対のもの」だからちょっと変.My idea is the opposite of...なら分かります.
- I *am opposite to unisex *toilet. The rest room certainly becomes beautiful, and smoking etc. will be lost, too. However, it is physiological unpleasant to use the same rest room as stranger's man.
oppose to...の方がいいね.でも分かりやすく書けています.
- I agree with this opinion. However When I take a piss, I feel shamefull.
Avoid using the four-letter word (though heard a lot...)
- I am against this type of toilets. Becase I think that I hate to do toilet.
toilet はdo するのではなくuseするモノです.
- I am against this type of toilets because there is no privacy between a man and the woman there.
Good point.
- *I'm agreement with it, because I think that will be cleaned the school.
- I am against this type of toilets, because I don't want to go to toilets.
Biologically impossible!
Week 21:
Translation of Technical English 1
11月19日(日)は本校において,工業英検秋季試験を行います.
受験申し込みをした人には既に受付票で連絡してありますが,
4級は9時20分に
3級は10時40分に
合併教室の自分の座席に着席しているようにしてください.(受付票に座席番号が書いてあります.)
文部省認定試験のため,遅刻や一時退室は一切認められませんので注意してください.
Challenge 21
ハンドアウト72-73ページの和訳演習問題の解答をファイルにして提出せよ.
Challenge 22
Choose three sentences below and translate into English. Put your text file in our shared drive (M:). (日本工業英語協会「工業英検3級クリア」pp.115-121. より抜粋.)
- コンピュ-タは複雑な数学計算を高速で行います.
- 本装置の機械的構造の詳細は説明書にあります.
- 部品を所定の位置に組み立てるために,矢印を合わせなさい.
- 機械の運転中,1時間おきに下記の事項を検査すること.
- 金属や合金の電気抵抗は温度の関数である.
Week 22:
Translation of Technical English 2
Challenge 21から
- Both audio and video recording tapes are made of magnetic particles attatched to a plastic tape.
- オーディオとビデオの両方の録音テープは、プラスチックテープに*取り付けられる磁気の粒子から出来ている。
- 音響機器とビデオの録音テープは両方とも電気粒子をプラスチックテープに*取り付けたものでできている。
- 磁石の粒子でできた2つの録音テ-プのオ-ディオとビデオは、プラスチックテイプに*取り付けられている。
- オーディオとビデオ共に録音テープは磁石の粒子が*取り付けられている
- オーディオとビデオ録音テープの両方がプラスチックのテープに*取り付けられた磁気粒子で作られている.
- オーディオも、ビデオも両方とも磁気粒子がプラスチックのテープに*接触する事によって、テープに録音する。
- オーディオとビデオ録音テープの両方がプラスチックのテープに*取り付けられた磁気粒子で作られている.
- オーディオやビデオの録音テープは両方ともプラスチックテープに*付けた磁気粒子で出来ている。
- オーディオとビデオの録音テープの両方がプラスチックのテープに*取り付けられた磁気の粒子でできている。
- 音声・映像の両記録テープは。プラスチックのテープにつけられた磁気粒子よってつくられる。
- オーディオとビデオの録画テープはプラスティックテープに磁気粒子を*当てることでつくられている。
- オーディオとビデオ録画テープの両方ともプラスチックのテープに*取り付けられた磁気粒子で作られている。
- オーディオ、ビデオの録音(録画)テープは共にプラスチックのテープに*取り付けられた磁気を帯びた部分からできている
- オウデイオ録音テープもビデオ録音テープもプラステイクテープに*属する磁気粒子からできている。
- ○オーディオテープとビデオテープはどちらもプラスチックのテープからできている。このテープには磁石分子がくっついている。
- ○アウデイオやビデイオのテプは電磁分子をプラスチックテプにつけて出来た物。
- 音声、映像部両方とも記録しておくテープはプラスチックテープに*付属している磁気部分により成り立っている。
- オーディオテープとビデオテープは樹脂のテープに磁気粉末を*吹き付けられて作られる。
- ○録音・録画用のオーディオテープやビデオテープはどちらもプラスチックのテープに磁気粒子を付着させて作られる。
- ○音響機器とビデオテープの両方ともプラスチックのテープへ付着させられた磁気粒子によって作られている。
- オーディオテープとビデオテープは樹脂のテープに磁気粉末を*吹き付けられて作られる。
- オーディオテープとビデオテープはプラスティックテープに磁気粒子を付着したもので、*構成されている。
- *映像部両方とも記録しておくテープはプラスチックテープに付属している磁気部分により成り立っている。
- 音声部、映像部両方とも記録しておくテープはプラスチックテープに*付属している
- ○オーディオやビデオの録画テープは、プラスチックテープに磁気粒子を付けることによって作られる。
- 録音用の音楽テ-プと録画用ビデオテ-プはプラスチックテ-プの*付属磁気粒子から作られる。
- オーデイオやビデオの録音(録画)テープは両方とも、磁気粒子が*取り付けられたプラスチックのテープでできている。
- オーディオとビデオテープレコーダテープの両方ともプラスチックテープに*磁気粒子されてできている
- オーディオとビデオ録画テープはプラスティックに*貼り付けられた粒子マグネットから成り立っている。
- ○録音、録画テープは、プラスチックテープ磁性粒子を付着させて作られてます。
- 音響機器とビデオの記録するテープ両方ともプラスチックテープに*取り付けられた磁性粒子で出来ている。
- オーディオとビデオの録画テープの両方はプラスティックテープの磁気粒子からできている。
- ○音声や映像を記録するテープは、磁粉がプラスチックテープに塗布されたもので作られている。
- ○録音、録画テープはプラスチックテープに磁性粒子を付着させて作られています。
- 音楽やビデオ、いずれの記録テープも磁気物質を*取り付けたプラスチックテープから構成されている。
- オウディオと録音テープはプラスティックテープに*引き付けられる磁気の粒子から出来ている。
- オーディオとビデオ録音テープはそれぞれのプラスチックテープに*引き付けられる磁気の粒子から出来ている。
- オーディオの録音テープやビデオの録画テープは両方共磁気粒子をプラスチックテープに*貼り付けることでつくられている
- オーディオとビデオ録画用テープはプラスチックに磁気粒子を*取り付けたものである。
- ○音響機器とビデオテープの両方ともプラスチックのテープへ付着させられた磁気粒子によって作られている。
- ○録音・録画用のオーディオテープやビデオテープはどちらもプラスチックのテープに磁気粒子を付着させて作られる。
- オーディオやビデオの録音テープはどちらもプラスチックテープに磁気性の粒子を*取り付けたものから出来ている。
- Matches ignite when rubbed because friction produces heat.
- ○摩擦が熱を生むためマッチがこすられると点火する。
- ○こすることによって摩擦で熱が発生するので、マッチは発火する。
- ○マッチは、こすられたとき、点火する。なぜなら、摩擦が、熱を生むからです。
- ○マッチは、こすられたとき、点火する。なぜなら、摩擦が、熱を生むからです。
- ○こするられたときマッチは点火するなぜなら摩擦は熱を生むからある。
- ○摩擦が熱を発生するため、マッチはこすられた時に点火する。
- ○マッチを擦ると摩擦が熱を生じ火が付く。
- マッチは擦った時に摩擦が火を起こすので*点火する。
- ○マッチはこすられたとき摩擦が熱をつくるので発火する。
- ○マッチは摩擦が熱を作るのでこすられると点火します。
- ○摩擦が熱を発生させるのでこすられると, マッチは発火する.
- ○マッチはこすられた時に発火します、なぜなら摩擦は熱を生み出すからです。
- ○摩擦は熱を発生するのでこすられるとマッチは発火する。
- ○マッチはこすられた時摩擦熱によって火が付く
- 摩擦すると熱が発生するからマッチを*こすられたとき火をつける。
- ○こすられたとき、摩擦が熱を発生させるので、マッチが点火する。
- ○マッチは擦られたとき点火するなぜなら、摩擦は熱を発生させる*。
- ○マッチは擦られると摩擦熱によって発火する。
- ○摩擦が熱を発生させるのでこすられると, マッチは発火する.
- ○マッチは、こすられたときその摩擦が熱をもたらし、点火する。
- ○マッチはこすると点火する、なぜなら摩擦は熱を生み出すので。
- ○マッチは、こすられたときその摩擦が熱をもたらし、点火する。
- ○マッチはこすられたとき、摩擦により熱が発生するため点火する。
- ○マッチは擦られると摩擦熱によって発火する。
- ○こすられたとき、マッチは摩擦熱により発火する。
- ○マッチは擦ると、摩擦による熱で火が付く。
- ○マッチはこすられたとき摩擦が熱を誘発して点火する
- ○マッチをこすると、熱が発生して点火される。
- ○マッチはこすられることで点火する。なぜなら摩擦が熱を生むからである。
- ○マッチをこすると摩擦が熱を起こすために発火する。
- マッチがこすられる時点火する、なぜなら摩擦は*火を起こすから。
- ○摩擦が熱を生むためマッチを擦ると燃焼する。
- ○摩擦が熱を発生するのでマッチはこすられた時に点火する。
- マッチングこすられて熱が発生した時に起こる。
- ○摩擦が熱を生むためマッチを摩ると点火する。
- ○摩擦が熱を生むためマッチを摩ると燃焼する。
- 摩擦が熱を生む為マッチを擦ると*燃焼する。
- ○摩擦が熱を生むので、マッチはこすられることによって点火する。
- ○摩擦が熱を生み出すので、マッチはこすれたときに着火する。
- ○マッチをこすると摩擦が熱を作って発火する。
- The pressure within a fast-moving fluid is lower than that in a similar fluid moving slowly.
- 速い流れの流体での圧力は、同じ流体の*遅いのよりも、圧力が低いです。
- 早い流れの流体における圧力はゆっくり流れる同様な流体の圧力より低い。
- ○速く流れる流体での圧力は遅く流れる同じ流体でのそれよりも低い。
- ○高速で流動している流体の内部圧力は、低速で流動している流体の内部圧力より小さい。
- 速く動いている液体中の圧力は、ゆっくり動いている*似た液体の中よりも低い。
- 動きの速い流体の内部圧力は動きの遅い*それのよりも低い
- 早く動いている流体の圧力は同じような流体でゆっくり動いている*ものより低い。
- 速動流体内の圧力は*似かよった遅動流体よりも低い。
- 早く動いている流体の圧力は同じ流体で遅く動いているものの圧力より低い。
- ○速く動く流体の中の圧力はゆっくり動く同様の流体よりも低い.
- 早い動きの流体中の圧力は、遅い動きをしている同じような流体の圧力よりも小さい。
- ○高速で動く液体の圧力は低速で動くものより小さい。
- *圧力内で速く移動する流体は同じ圧力内でゆっくり動く流体より下にある
- 早く動いている流体の圧力は、同じような流体でゆっくり動いているものより低い。
- 早く動いている流体のなかの圧力は、同様の流体がゆっくり動くより小さい。
- *初めの動作の流動物の圧力の範囲は遅く動く似た流動物より低い。
- 速く動く流体は同じ流体がゆっくり動くより圧力が低い。
- *展開の速い液体中の圧力は展開の遅い同じ液体より下がる。
- ○速く動く流体の中の圧力はゆっくり動く同じ流体よりも低い.
- ○速く流体を動かす中の圧力はゆっくり動く同様の流体のそれよりも低い.
- 展開の速い液体の中の圧力は、展開の遅い同じ液体より下がる。
- 早く移動している*気体の気圧はゆっくり移動する似たような気体よりも低い
- 展開の速い液体の中の圧力は、展開の遅い同じ液体より下がる。
- 速く動く流体の中の圧力はゆっくり動く同様の流体のそれよりも遅い。
- 液体の速度が早いほど圧力が高い。
- 展開の速い液体の中の圧力は、展開の遅い同じ液体より下がる。
- 高速で流れている液体の中の圧力はゆっくり流れている液体の中のそれよりも低い*である。
- ○高速に動く液体の中で圧力はゆっくり動く流体よりも圧力が低くなる。
- 流体の初動のなかの圧力は流体の動きを遅くさせる。
- ○高速流体の中の圧力は低速のものよりも低い。
- ○早く動く流体の圧力はゆっくり動く同様の流体の圧力よりも低い。
- ○高速流動体の圧力は、低速流動体の圧力よりも低い。
- ○高速で流動している流体の内部圧力は、低速で流動している流体の内部圧力より小さい。
- ○低速で移動する流体の中よりも、高速で移動する流体の中の方が低圧である。
- ○高速で流れている流体内部の圧力は、同じような流体がゆっく流れている時の圧力より低い。
- A microphone generates an alternating current as a result of the vibrations produced by sound waves.
- 音波を*振動するからマイクは交流電流を発生する。
- ○マイクロホンは、音波によって発生された振動で交流電流を生み出す。
- ○マイクロフォンは音波によって発生された振動により交流電流を生み出す
- 音波の振動による*結果マイクロスコープは交流電流を発生させる。
- マイクロフォンは交流電流を発生させる、その結果として音波による振動を発生させる。
- マイクロフォンは音波により*作られる振動の結果、交流を発生させる。
- ○マイクは音の波によって作られた振動によって交流を発生する。
- マイクは音波により*振幅が作られる結果交流電流を生み出す。
- マイクロフォンは音波によっての振動の*結果として交流電流を発生させる。
- 音波によって作られる振動の結果としてマイクロフォンは*電流を発生させる。
- マイクは、結果てきに音波の*信号によって交流電流を誘起させる
- ○マイクは音の波によって作り出された振動により交流電流を発生させる。
- ○マイクロホンは音波で発生した振動の結果,交流を発生させる.
- ○マイクロフォンは、音波によって作られた振動の結果、交流電流を発生させる。
- マイクロホンは交流を生みだし、その結果、音波によって振動が作り出される。
- ○マイクロホンは音波による振動から、交流電流を発生させる。
- ○マイクロホンは音波によって振動を発生させて結果として電流を交互に発生させる
- ○音波によって作られた振動の結果としてマイクロホンは交流を産む。
- ○音波によって生み出される振動によって、マイクロフォンは交流電流を作り出す。
- マイクロフォンは音波によって作られる振動の交流電流をつくる。
- ○マイクロフォンは音波によって作られる振動の結果交流電流を発生させる。
- ○音波によって作られる振動の結果として、マイクロホンは電流を発生させる。
- マイクロホンは音波によってもたらされた振動の結果として交流を生じる。
- ○マイクロホンは音声の波によって作られた振動の結果として交流電流を発生する。
- ○マイクロホンは音波で発生した振動の結果,交流を発生させる.
- ○マイクロフォンは音波により作られる振動の結果として交流電圧を発生させる。
- ○マイクは音波により作られる振動の結果として交流電圧を発生させる。
- ○マイクロホンは音波によってつくられた振動により交流を発生させます。
- ○マイクは音波により作られる振動の結果として交流電圧を発生させる。
- マイクは交流電圧を発生させる。その結果、音波により振動が生み出される。
- ○マイクロホンは音波で発生した振動の結果,交流を発生させる.
- マイクロフォンは交流電流を作り、その結果音の波によって振動が生まれます。
- ○マイクロホンは音波によってもたらされた振動の結果として交流を生じる。
- ○音波によって発生する振動の結果としてマイクロフォンは交流電流を起こす。
- マイクに交流電流が生じた結果振動が音を生み出す。
- ○マイクは音波によって生じた振動の結果として交流電流を発生させる。
- 音波で発生した振動で交流マイクロホンを発生させる.
- ○音波によって作り出される振動の結果、マイクロホンは交流を発生させる
- Replace that engine gear with a new one befause it shows wear.
- エンジンのギアーは、摩耗しているので、それを、新しい物と取り替える。
- そのエンジン歯車は摩耗しているので新しいものに取り替えなさい。
- 摩耗を示すので, そのエンジンギヤを新しいものに取り替えなさい.
- エンジンギアが擦り減ってようなので、新しいのと交換しなさい
- 摩耗しているようなので、そのエンジンギアを新しいものと交換しなさい。
- 摩耗している様なのでそのエンジンの歯車を新しいものに取り替えなさい。
- ギアが擦り減ったら新しい物と取り替えなさい。
- エンジンのギヤーが擦り減ってみえたので新しいのと取り替えた。
- エンジンギアを新しい物に取り替えなさい、なぜならそれは擦り減っているから。
- 摩耗するためにエンジンギアーを新しいものにと取り替える。
- エンジン・ギアが擦り切れているので新しいものと、取り替えて。
- エンジンのギアが擦り減っているので新しいものと取り替えなさい。
- エンジンギアは擦り減るから新しいものとと取り替えなさい。
- エンジンギアが摩耗したので新しいのと取り替える。
- 摩耗しているのでエンジンギアを新しいものと交換せよ。
- 摩耗を示すので, そのエンジンギヤを新しいものに取り替えなさい.
- 擦り減ると新しいエンジンギヤと交換しなさい。
- エンジンギアを新しいものと交換しなさい、なぜならそれは使い古されている様に見える。
- 擦り減ると新しいエンジンギアと交換しなさい。
- エンジンのギヤを新しいギヤと取り替えるなぜなら傷ついているから
- そのエンジン歯車は摩耗しているので新しいものに取り替える。
- そのエンジン歯車は、摩耗しているので新しいものに取り替える。
- 擦り減ると新しいエンジンギアと取り替えなさい。
- エンジンのギアを新しいものと取り替えなさいなぜならそれはすりへっている。
- 動力ギヤを新しいものと取り替えなさいなぜならそれは少しずつ擦り減るからです
- エンジンの歯車は*切り減らすから新しいのを交換して下さい。
- エンジンギアーが擦り減っているので、新しいヤツと交換しなさい。
- エンジンのギアが摩耗しているので、新しいギアに交換しなさい。
- エンジンのギアが擦り減りを見せたら新しいものに取り替えなさい、
- エンジンギアが摩耗したので新しいものと取り替えなさい。
- あのエンジンギアは摩耗を示しているので、それを新しいものに取り替えなさい。
- 摩擦を示しているからエンジンギアーを新しい物に取り替えなさい。
- そのエンジンの歯車はすりきれが現れるので、新しいのと取り替えなさい!
- 摩耗を*示すので, そのエンジンギヤを新しいものに取り替えなさい.
- あのエンジンのギアが擦り減っているので、新しいものと取り替えて下さい。
- エンジンギアが摩耗しているのであたらしいのに換えなさい。
- コンピュ-タは複雑な数学計算を高速で行います.
- A computer calculates quickly complicating math *computation.
- A computer *disposes to high speed complicated mathematical calculations.
- The computer does complex mathematics calculation.
- ○Computers does difficult math calculation.
- ○The computer does a complex mathematics calculation at high speed.
- Computer carry out a *complexity math processing first.
- Computer calculate *complexity mathematic calcuration very fast.
- Computer calculates quickly complicating computation.
- ○The computers quickly calculate complex math.
- ○Computer calculates complicated math at high speed.
- ○Computer is quick at complicated math calculation.
- The computer does a complex mathematics calculation at high speed.
- Computer calculate quick complicated math calculation.
- ○The computer does a complex mathematics calculation at high speed.
- The computer takes very quick math thing.
- Computers calculate complicated calculation at high speed.
- Conputer takes involed math cariculations with high speed.
- Computers do complicated calculation by a high speed.
- Computer can make calculate complicated mathamatic problems in a short time.
- Computer calculates difficult mathmetics at high speed.
- Computers can carry out complex calculation of mathematics at fast.
- Computers takes place complex mathematics calculation at high speed.
- computer perform complexity moth calculation on high speed
- ○Computers can fast calculate complicated prooblems of math.
- The computer is quickly at complexity math calcuration
- Computer computes complicated numerical calculation at high speed.
- The computer calcurates quickly complicating mathmatics calcuration.
- Computers take involved cariculations with high speed.
- 本装置の機械的構造の詳細は説明書にあります.
- ○Details of a mechanical structure of this device are in the manual.
- An explanatory note explain in detail machinary strucrure of this device.
- Detail of this divice with mechanical structure found in manual.
- Detail of mechanical structure of this device is in the manual.
- A details of machanocal construction of this eqipment are written on manual.
- The explanatory notes show mechanical construction of this equipment in detail.
- There are structure of machine's particulars in the specifications.
- Explanation shows detailed of mechanical structure of the main device.
- Detail of this divice with mechanical structure is found in manual.
- This explanatory note has detail of machnical structure .
- An explanatory note shows detail of mechanical structure of this device.
- The explanatory note shows mechanical structure of a device.
- ○Details of a mechanical structure of this device are in the manual.
- There are detail of mechanical structure of this device in manual.
- ○The mechanical structure of this device is written in detail in the manual
- ○Details of a mechanical structure of this device are in the manual.
- ○We can get the detail of device structure in explanation book.
- There is a details of a machinary structure of this device.
- Details of mechanical structure of the device is written in the manual.
- 部品を所定の位置に組み立てるために,矢印を合わせなさい.
- Match the arrow to assemble parts to a fixed position.
- Match the arrow to put together parts to place.
- Match the arrow to build particles on certain position.
- ○Match the arrow to assemble parts to a fixed position.
- ○To put parts into the fixed positions, put them and arrow signs together.
- Set an arrow mark because parts put at an appointed place.
- Adjust the arrow to put a parts together to a fixed position.
- 機械の運転中,1時間おきに下記の事項を検査すること.
- Running the machine must inspect the undermentioned matter at every alternate hour.
- In a machine is ran, test the following subject every hour.
- Running the machine must inspect the undermentioned matter at every alternate hour.
- ○Remember to inspect these following things every 1 hour during the operation of the machine
- During the machine driving, check the below subjects every hour.
- Inspect the following matters every one *hours *when during operate the machine.
- Inspect the machine about the following items in one hour interval when it is running.
- Running the machine must inspect the undermentioned matter at every alternate hour.
- 金属や合金の電気抵抗は温度の関数である.
- Erectric resistance of metals and alloy is function of tempreture.
- The electric resistance of Metal and alloy is funnction of temperature.
- Electric resistance of metal and alloy is function of temprature.
- Electric resistance of metal or alloy are function of temperature.
- Electric resistance of the metal and the alloy is a function of the temperature.
- Electric resistance of the metal and the alloy is a function of the temperature.The electrical resistance of metal an d alloy is a function of temperature
- Electric resistance of iron or allow is a function of temprature.
- Electricma resistance of the metal and the alloy is a function of the temperature. Both metal and alloy's electric resi stance are function of temperature.
- The metal and electirical resistance of alloy relate the temperature.
- Metal's and alloy's electric resistances are a function of tenperture.
- Electrical resistants with metal and alloy consist of thermal function.
- Both metal and alloy electric resistance is tempreture function.
- Both metl and allay electrical resistance is temprature function.
- Electric resistance of metal or alloy is function of temperature.
- Electric resistance is function of temperature.
- Electric resistance of metal and alloy is function of temperature.
- The resistence of metal or an alloy is in tempreture function.
- ○Electric resistance of the metal and the alloy is a function of the temperature.
- ○Electronic resistance of metals and alloys is a function of temperature.
- Erectric resistance of metals or alloy is function of temperature.
- Electlic resistance of metal and alloy is function of temprature.
- Electrical resistance in metal and alloy is a fanction of temperature.
Week 23:
What is TOEIC?
11月19日(日)本校において,文部省認定第46回工業英語検定が
おこなわれました.
合否通知・合格認定証の郵送は12月19日以降になります.
来年1月から津山
(津山商業高)でTOEICを受験することができるようになります.
Read the TOEIC official website and try
sample questions .
受験申込書は長井(克)研究室前にも置いてあります.自習用参考書類は
(工業英検とは比べものにならないほど)たくさん発行されており,
一般の書店で容易に手に入ります.
Week 24:
Mechanical Engineering
- arbitary
- 恣意的な
1.based on personal whim: based solely on personal wishes, feelings, or perceptions, rather than on objective facts, reasons, or principles
2.randomly chosen: chosen or determined at random
3.LAW not according to rule: based on the decision of a particular judge or court rather than accordance with any rule or law
4.authoritarian: with unlimited power
5.MATHEMATICS assigned no specific value: used to describe a constant that is not assigned a specific value
(Encartaョ World English Dictionary ゥ & (P) 1999,2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Developed for Microsoft by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.)
- with A B
- AをBして
《付帯状況》…した状態で.通例 with + A + B (補語)の形で
with tears in one's eyes 目に涙を浮かべて
with one shoe off and with one shoe on 片方の靴は脱ぎ片方ははいたままで
walk with a pipe in one's mouth パイプをくわえて散歩する(withとaを省略したwalk pipe in mouthという言い方もある)
With night coming on, we started home. 夜になってきたので家路についた.
(Progressive English-Japanese Dictionary, Third edition ゥ Shogakukan 1980,1987,1998)
Week 25:
Electric and Electronic Engineering
Click Amazon.com's e-card page
and semd your greetings to me at tsuyamact@hotmail.com
工業英検3級の問題から
- 鉛は放射能の危険から原子力発電所の人々を守るのに最適です。
- ○Lead is ideal for protecting workers at the nuclear power plant from radioactivity.
- ○Lead is ideal for protecting workers at nuclear power station from radioactivity.
power stations にしよう.
- ○Lead is the best for the protection of workers in the nuclear power plant from the danger of the radioactivity.
radioactivityにtheはいらないと思いますが.
- ○A lead ideal for *protect workers of a nuclear power plant against a hazard of radioactivity.
leadにaはいらないと思いますが.材料ですから.
- ○Lead is the best matter that protects atomic power plant *worker from radioactivity.
- The *ship is suitable *though protects workers in the nuclear power plant from the danger of the radioactivity.
- Lead is optimum for the ucleare power generation operaters to protect from ra diation.
optimum/optimalは「特定の条件の中で」最も適しているという感じがします.この問題の「最適」は「色々なオプション・条件の中で選ばれる一つ」ですから単にbest/suitableで十分だと思います.間違いではないと思いますが.
- Lead is ideal for *protect a *nuclear worker power plant from radioactivity danger.
protect nuclear power plant workers from the danger of radioactive substancesとでもすれば,一応相手に理解してもらえはするでしょう.
- Lead is ideal for protecting atomic power plant's workers from redioactivity's danger.
...'s の形は繰り返すとクドい.
- Lead is the best matter that *keep workers.
- Useing Lead is the best method for *protect the *worker in nuclear power plant against danger of readioactivity.
- To use a lead ideal for keep the peaple that working in a nuclear power plant safety.
- Lead is *ideal for radioactivity hazard to protect an atomic power plant's workers.
「危険に最適」は変.
- To use lead is *best way to care workers in nuclear power plant *for danger of radioactivity.
「危険のためにケアする」のも変.
- The ?ship is the best for the protection of workers in the nuclear power plant from the radioactivity.
以下は皆さんの提出した作文です.おかしいところに*をつけ,( )の中に書き直してみよう.
(訂正した英文を共有ファイルへ提出してください.)
- 地球温暖化をいかに軽減するかは、21世紀の最重要課題 の1つである。
- (例)It is one of the most important problems *of (in) the 21st century how to reduce global warming.
- (例)How to reduce the effect of global warming is one of the most important *problem (problems) in 21st century.
- ○ (間違いがないときはマルをしてください)One of the most important issues in 21st century is how to reduce the effect of global warming.
- How to reduce the effect of global warming is one of the most important *question to the twenty-first century.
- How to reduce the effect of global warming is one of *most important issues in the 21th century.
- How to reduce the effect of global warning is one of the most important issues of the twenty firsu century.
- It is one of the most important 21century'issues how to reduce generating CO2
- How to reduce the effect of global warning is one of the most important issues of the twenty firsu century.
- How to reduce the effect of global warming is one of the most important issues in twenty one century.
- To stop the globall warming is the most immportant issues of 21 century.
- How to reduce the global warming is one of most important issues of 21 century.
- How to reduce of the earth heating phenomenon is one of the important issues in 21th century.
- How to reduce the effect of global warming is one of the most important issues for 21 century.
- It is one of the most important issues of the 21th century. How to reduce the effect of global warming.
- It are very important issues to declease the green efect in 21 century.
- How to reduce effect global warming is one of the very important in 21 century.
- It is one of the most important issues in 21st century how to reduce greenhouse effect.
- It is one of the most important issues of 21 century that how control the globalwarmig.
- To decrease global warming is one of the most important issues for 21 century.
- How to reduce the effect of global warming is one of the most important issues in 21st.
- To save the greenhouse effect is one of the most important issues.
- It is one of the most important issues how decrease global warming.
- How to decrease the greenhouse effects is one of the most important issues in the 21st century.
- It is one of the most important problems of twenty one century how to decrement earth warming.
- It is one of the most important problem of 21th century that how to reduce the effect of global warming.
- It is one of the most important issues of 21th century how to relieve the global warming .
- How to reduce the effect of global warming is one of most important issues of the twenty-first century.
- 火山噴火や森林火災が気候やその他の気象条件に影響を与える。
- A volcano eruption and a forest fire make influence on a climate and the other weather conditions.
- The volcano eruption and a forest fire influence the climate and other weather conditions.
- The volcano eruption and a forest fire influence the climate and other weather conditions. Volcanic eruptions or fire of forests effect weather conditions; weather, and so on...
- A volcanic eruption ,fire of forests and etc have infruences on climates and conditions of weather.
- A volcanic eruption and forest fire change the climate and another weather conditions.
- Volcanic eruptions and forest fires have an effect on the climate and other weather conditions.
- Volcano eruptions and forest fire supply effect climate and other weather terms.
- Volcanoic eruptions and fire of forests have influence on
- A bolcano eruptions and a fire of forest is give a effect for the weather and other weather conditions.
- Eruptions and fire of forest have an effect on clemate and any states of weather.
- The volcano eruption and a forest fire influence the climate and other weather conditions.
- Eruptions and fires in forests affect climate or other reasons of weather.
- Volcano eruptions and forest fire influence climate and condition of weather.
- A volcano and a forest fire influence on a weather and the other condition.
- A volcano and a forest fire influence on a weather and the other condition.
- A weather condition is affected by volcano activity or a fire of forests.
- Volcano eruption and a forest fire influences climate and other weather conditions.
- The volcano eruptions and the forests fire change in climate and the other weather conditions.
- The volcano eruption and a forest fire influence the climate and other weather conditions.
- The volcano eruption and a forest fire influence the climate and other weather conditions.
- The volcano eruption and a forest fire gives influence the climate and other weather conditions.
- Volcano eruption and a forest fire influences the climate and the other condition.
- A volcano eruptions and a forst fire give the
- 一酸化炭素(CO)のような、大気汚染物質には心臓病の原因になるものが多い。
- For example the air pollution substance of carbon monoxide is much made of the heart disease cause.
- Many air pollution substances such as CO causes the heart disease.
- Many matters of air pollution like CO couses heart diseases. A big number of air pollution material like CO is cause heart disease.
- A large number of air pollution material like CO is cause heart disease.
- Air pollution subsutances like CO sometimes cause heart disease .
- The failure that many domestic rocket werelaunched gave big impact to the par ty concerned.
- Most of the air polution substance,for example CO,cause heart disease.
- Most of air pollutant about CO causes heart disease.
- Most of air pollutional particle,such as carbon monoxide,is a cause of heart disease.
- It is one of the most important issues in 21st century how to reduce the effect of global warning.
- Air pollutions like carbon monoxide cause heart disease.
- In substance of air pollution such as CO cause of heart disease frequent.
- Volcanic eruptions and forest fire is effect for weather condition.
- Air pollution substances, like carbon monoxide, cause heart disease.
- Most of air pollution substance like CO cause a heart disease.
- The many dirty substances ,for example CO, are cause of heart disease.
- There are a lot of one that causes the heart disease in the air pollution thing like carbon monoxide (CO).
- Most of air pollutant causes the heart disease such carbon monoxide.
- Many of atmosph pollutants that is such a CO cause heart disease.
- 度重なる国産ロケットの打ち上げ失敗は,関係者に大きな衝撃を与えた.
- Repeated failures launches of a domestic rocket was give a big shock for the persons concerned.
- We failed launches homemade rocket again and again. And it gave a shock to the persons.
- The staffs were shooked at repeated failures in launch domestic rokets.
- The staffs were shooked at repeated failures in launch domestic rokets.
- The launch failure of the domestic production rocket which happened one after another gave parties concerned a big impact.
- The fail of launches the national rockets is give the impact to many worker.
- The launch failure of the domestic production rocket which happened one after another gave parties concerned a big impact.
- Failure which happens one after another of launch of domestic production rocket gave the large impact to parties concerned.
- The launch failure of the domestic production rocket which happened one after another gave parties concerned a big impact.
Happy Christmas and New Year to all!
Week 26:
All students MUST sit for the Second-term Exam on the 30th of January!
The term exam will cover:
- Handouts 1-5: 機械工業・電気電子工業・化学工業・建築工学・情報処理 [例題36-60, 65]
- Handouts : Describing shapes and sizes
Week 27:
Describing shapes
exercise 1
- The block has a height of 9.35cm, a length of 11.52cm and a width of 2.01cm.
- The length of the block is 11.53cm, the width is 3.28cm, and the height is 0.05cm.
- The block is 23.01cm wide, 112.35cm long and 18.9cm high.
- How wide is the block?
What's the length ot the block?
How high is the block?
What's the widith of the block?
How long is the block?
exercise 2
- A is a solid cylindrical steel bar, of length 39.1cm and diameter 9.3cm.
- B is a hollow copper tube having an internal diameter of 21cm, an external diameter of 55cm and a length of 93.2cm.
- C is an alminum block (or beam/girder) which has a depth of 21.2cm, a thickness of 0.5cm, a width of 30cm and a length of 100cm.
- The cone D has a height of 88.5cm, and a base diameter of 23.0cm.
exercise 3
- AB is a vertical straight line of length 5cm. AB is at right angles to BC, a horizontal straight line of length 8cm.
- (Angle) DEF is an obtuse angle of 113.
- GHI is is right-angled triangle having a height of 31cm and a length of 54cm.
- (Angle) JKL is an acute angle of 32 degrees.
- MNO is an isosceles triangle, having an angle NMO of 40 degrees.
- The lines PQ and RS interesect at X. The value of the obtuse angle is 105 degrees.
- The vertical line TU is perpendicular to the ehorizontal line VW.
- The straight line y-ydash bisects the obtuse angle XYZ.
exercise 4
(Sorry, division lines are illegible)
- multiplication
- multiplication
- addition
- division
- subtraction
- multiply 34 by 7
- subtract x from x squared
- divide a squared b by c
- add 3b to 2c
- multiply a by b
Last Challenge
この数式の読み方をテキストファイルにして,共用ドライブへ提出しなさい.
Week 28:
Term Exam
fWeek 29:
For further study
(当日はPCが不調で残念でした...)
For further study
ここや
ここに
Web上で使える翻訳ソフトがあります.
いろいろ試してみて,なぜこうなってしまうのか,どうすれば使えるように
なるかを考察しなさい.
(例題36から)
Our basis of comparison, b.h.p. per litre, is, of course, purely arbitrary. One could easily choose to compare engines on a basis of horsepower per unit weight, or as is customary with piston-type engines, weight per housepower.
携帯電話サイズの自動翻訳機が商品化されるのはそう遠い未来のことではないと思います.それでも必要な「工業英語」の力とはどのようなものだと思いますか?
(c) Katsumi NAGAI 2000 : Jump to
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Tsuyama C.T.